Sterilized tobacco leaves as biomass source for a biorefinery: CAS QIBEBT

https://english.news.cn/20260606/de8eff009a94407c8eeeb1fdab13d675/c.html

https://www.cell.com/cell/abstract/S0092-8674(26)00571-4?_returnURL=https%3A%2F%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%2Fretrieve%2Fpii%2FS0092867426005714%3Fshowall%3Dtrue

A joint research led by the CAS Institute of Oceanology in collaboration with the Hong Kong-based Chinese University of Hong Kong and Northwestern Polytechnical University in Xi’an deciphered the mechanism of ultra-long starvation tolerance in deep-sea isopods and provides an important paradigm for understanding how life balances growth and survival in extreme environments.

The deep sea is cold, dark, and almost entirely devoid of reliable nutrition, making long-term survival a remarkable evolutionary feat. To survive the abyss, the isopod possesses an enormous stomach that occupies about two-thirds of its body and acts like a deep-freeze pantry, allowing it to gorge when food is available and store the haul for months or even years. Second, it maintains an exceptionally low basal metabolic rate, essentially putting itself on permanent energy-saving mode. Together, these traits turn opportunistic binge eating into an ultra-long energy reserve.

In addition, a key gene involved in this metabolic slowdown, named ND1, is not originally part of the isopod’s own genome. The isopod “hijacks” it from an external symbiotic bacterium through horizontal gene transfer.

To verify ND1’s function, the researchers inserted the gene into zebrafish, nematodes, and human cells in the lab. Under normal temperatures, the gene recipients burned energy faster and became less tolerant of starvation. However, under cold conditions that mimic the isopod’s deep-sea home, ND1 suppressed energy metabolism, reduced mitochondrial activity, and boosted starvation endurance in zebrafish by a remarkable 37 percent.

This temperature-dependent switch solves the so-called “energy paradox” — how can a giant animal with high energy demands survive where food is extremely scarce? The ND1 acts as a metabolic thermostat, fine-tuning energy burn in response to environmental conditions. It provides a solution to the trade-off between body size and food scarcity.

http://english.cas.cn/newsroom/research-news/202606/t20260608_1161380.shtml

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/mlf2.70089

Researchers from the CAS Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology (QIBEBT) and Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital have developed a Ramanome-based phenotypic platform to improve the efficiency of bacteriophage evaluation for potential clinical use.

By combining Raman spectroscopy with a random forest model, the researchers introduced the Ramanome-based Phage Susceptibility Test (RPST). This phenotypic method reduces the turnaround time for host range verification to approximately one hour, compared to the 11–21 hours typically required by traditional plaque-based assays.

Bacteriophages offer a precise alternative to antibiotics in the fight against antimicrobial resistance. However, matching phages to clinical bacterial isolates remains challenging due to their narrow host ranges and the slow, qualitative nature of conventional assays.

The RPST framework monitors bacterial metabolic changes within 40 minutes of phage-host co-incubation and identifies four conserved Raman spectral biomarker regions linked to nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids. Combining these biomarkers into a Composite Infection Index (CII), the system achieved a 96.0% concordance rate across 25 phage-host pairs.

Unlike static assays, the continuous CII metric estimates the fraction of infected cells, enabling researchers to rank phage potency and determine the minimum MOI required to sustain infection.

While the method shows operational promise, the researchers acknowledge the need for large-scale, multi-center validation across different instruments to ensure long-term clinical reproducibility.