https://english.news.cn/20260408/6d8bd2f8d46244b7891f4d9fab1a676d/c.html

https://www.cas.cn/cm/202604/t20260408_5106178.shtml

The CAS Shanghai Advanced Research Institute has developed a panoramic carbon emission accounting system covering production-side, consumption-side and natural sources of CO2.

Built on a scientific foundation model (ScienceOne) from the CAS, it rests on three pillars

• eight proprietary datasets that enable high-frequency data updates and fusion;
• an independently developed methodology using a large language model (LLM)-powered agent with multi-agent collaboration to ensure accuracy, and
• a hybrid computing cluster that optimizes resources across internal and external centers.

Currently, the model’s service interface provides a vertical-domain LLM with 32 billion parameters and an intelligent database, offering both conversational and programming interfaces.

Five intelligent agents with specific functions have been developed, which can respectively realize digital simulation and optimization of industrial system processes, trade carbon transfer accounting, life cycle assessment, natural source accounting and uncertainty analysis. Among them, the life cycle assessment agent can independently complete the entire process of goal and scope definition, inventory analysis, accounting, and result interpretation, enabling automated product carbon footprint accounting.

Based on this model, a high-precision national-level carbon holographic map has been developed. According to this model, for 2022, the greenhouse gas emissions of China, the United States and Japan were adjusted by -17.7 percent, +15.2 percent and +7.2 percent, respectively, compared with the results of traditional Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) production-side accounting. The model also revealed that the default emission factors of the European Union’s Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism systematically overestimate Chinese product emission factors, highlighting the need to improve accounting accuracy and adopt localized factors.

It has also accurately calculated the emission reduction contributions of China’s green products to the world. For instance, the country’s exported wind turbines and photovoltaic products generated approximately 2 million tonnes of carbon emissions during the production phase in 2024, yet delivered approximately 350 million tonnes of carbon reduction benefits globally during their operational phase.

The model provides critical support for China’s compilation of national greenhouse gas inventories, the development of its national carbon market, the green transition of key industries, and the country’s response to international carbon policies.