A research team led by LIU Jianguo from the Institute of Oceanology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences found that light-independent metabolic pathways, in addition to light-dependent metabolic pathways, can also regulate astaxanthin accumulation in Haematococcus.
The study will help to improve astaxanthin yields in photobioreactors.

CAS news release, December 23, 2021
23-12 Researchers at CAS Institute of Oceanology find light-independent pathway for astaxanthin accumulation in Haemtococcus